Nakh etymology : Query result

Proto-Nakh: *ʔab-

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: to sew

Batsbi: ʔab-

Comments: Chech. and Ing. have not preserved the verb, but cf. in Chech. ew-na, Ing. ow 'seam'. Cf. also the PN derivate *jub (obl. *ʔabrV-) 'awl' (Bacb. jub, Chech. jū, pl. ʔāraš, Ing. juw, erg. owro, pl. owraš).

Proto-Nakh: *ʔablV (̃-ʎ-,-Ł-)

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: 1 root 2 village

Chechen: evla 2

Ingush: ovla 1

Comments: Vowel differences in Chech. and Ing. can be explained by different analogical levellings of a paradigm like *ʔabla, *ʔabli-. The semantic difference can be explained if we look at external evidence (this root reveals meanings like "root" and "kin, family > village" in many languages). Thus the resemb- lance of the Chech. word to Turkish (e.g. Tat. aul "village" etc.) is probably accidental (at the most the Turk. word could have influenced the meaning of the Chech. word - but there are not enough reasons to speak of a loan).

Proto-Nakh: *ʔaħ-

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: to grind

Chechen: aħ-

Ingush: aħ-

Batsbi: aħ-

Comments: A terminative verbal stem with no class markers. There are two archaic derivates:

1) PN *ħēr (obl. *ħāri-, sometimes passing to dir.) "mill": Chech. ħer (ħēra-) 'mill' (cf. also ka-ħar 'hand-mill', ħar-ẋō 'miller'); Ing. ħajra (erg. ħäro) 'mill' (cf. also kel-ħar 'hand-mill'); Bacb. ħajrĭ, ħajră 'mill'. 4th class in all languages.

2) PN *ħāru 'meal, flour': Ing. ħɔr, Bacb. ħajrŭ, ħajrĭ (3d class in Ing., 4th class in Bacb.).

Proto-Nakh: *ʔaħu

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: 1 downwards 2 lower part

Chechen: oħa- 1

Ingush: ʕo- 1

Batsbi: aħo 2

Comments: Ing. ʕo- < *ʔoħ- with a secondary transfer of the emphatic laryngeal into Anlaut. In Chech. and Ing. the root is basically used as a preverb (it is also used as such in Bacb.); but cf. also Chech. oħara 'lower', oħanē '(place of) descent'.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔamgi-r ( ˜ -ḳ-)

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: one of several wives

Chechen: emgar

Ingush: engar

Comments: The Nakh word has a quite solid EC etymology; that is why the Osset. ämɨǵɨr / ämigir must be certainly regarded as a loan from Nakh (despite Abayev 1958, 147-148).

Proto-Nakh: *ʔanga-laj ( ˜-ḳ-)

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: glass

Chechen: angali

Comments: Isolated in Chech., but having possible external parallels (if "glass" < "window").

Proto-Nakh: *ʔant

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: shortcoming, defect

Chechen: ant

Comments: Isolated in Nakh., but having an Av. parallel.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔap- ?

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: green

Batsbi: apẽ

Comments: Isolated in Bacb. with no obvious etymology.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔaq̇Vr-

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: on one's back

Chechen: arq̇a-l

Ingush: arq̇a-l

Batsbi: aq̇rĕ

Comments: A locative form from an archaic noun.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔarV ( ˜ -ē-)

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: wild hemp

Ingush: eri

Comments: Attested only in Ing., but having possible external parallels.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔas-ar

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: inspiration

Chechen: asar

Comments: Isolated within Nakh, but with reliable external parallels.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔa-staʁa(n) (˜sṭ)

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: lame, limping

Chechen: astaʁa

Ingush: astaʁa

Comments: Cf. also Chech. astaẋ 'lamed person' (Uslar's recording, with an irregular devoicing).

Proto-Nakh: *(ʔă)stVw

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: cornel

Chechen: stow

Ingush: esti

Comments: Chech. has reduced the first weak syllable, preserved in Ing. (esti < *ʔăstVw).

Proto-Nakh: *(ʔa)sṭo

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: chisel

Chechen: sto

Ingush: osta

Batsbi: sṭo

Comments: 5th class in Chech. and Bacb., 3d class in Ing. Cf. also Chech. Lev., Cheb. stwo, Akk. āsta (with not quite clear vowel length - to judge from the reduction in most Chech. dialects and Bacb., the initial vowel in PN must have been short).

Proto-Nakh: *ʔaẋḳV

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: summer

Chechen: äẋkē

Ingush: aẋka

Batsbi: ẋḳo

Comments: Short vowel reconstructed because of reduction in Bacbi. Ing. aẋka = Chech. äẋka 'in summer' (Chech. äẋkē is a suffixed form).

The meaning "summer" is obviously secondary. The older meaning 'year' is still preserved in the PN compound *sṭā-ẋḳŭ 'last year' > Chech. stoẋka, Ing. sɔẋk, Bacb. sṭaŭẋḳŭ (for the etymology of the first part see PEC *śwăjV).

Proto-Nakh: *ʔābst (˜ɦ-,-ṭ)

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: goat (about 1 y. old)

Chechen: awst

Ingush: ɔsta

Comments: 4th class in both languages.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔāc̣ ( ˜ ɦ-, -ʒ)

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: voice, sound

Chechen: az

Ingush: ɔz

Comments: 3d class in Chech., 4th class in Ing. Obl. base *ʔāc̣u- (Chech. ōza-, Ing. ɔzo), whence secondarily the vowel in the Ing. direct base.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔāʁo-b

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: side

Chechen: āʁō

Ingush: ɔʁuw

Comments: Cf. also Cheb. āʁaw, Lev. āʁwō id.

Proto-Nakh: *ʔāḳ-

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: to chisel, hollow

Chechen: āg-

Ingush: ag-

Proto-Nakh: *ʔālV-j

North Caucasian etymology:

Meaning: ravine

Ingush: äli

Comments: Attested only in Ing., but having probable external parallels.